12 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM YOU NEED TO KNOW

 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism occurs when we make use of another person’s work, text or idea without giving credit to the author. There are different types of plagiarisdm, ranging from common ones to more complex ones.

Here is a list of different types of Plagiarism

1.      Whole-paper or word for word  plagiarism:  In  this form of plagiarism, all or most of the content of the article  is lifted from another person’s work or a published source without proper referencing.

2.      Copy-and-paste plagiarism:  This form of plagiarism involves copying parts of another person’s work ranging from phrases and sentences to entire paragraphs without acknowledging the original source.  

3.      Copy-and-paste plagiarism with references: This form of plagiarism, involves lifting words or ideas  from another author in exact words into your own write up with references but without including quotation marks. This is plagiarism because a reference alone does not show that the text is a direct quotation from that source and also a reference indicates only that the accompanying text is somehow derived         

             These three forms of plagiarism mentioned above can also be collectively termed Direct Plagiarism which is word for word copying of another person’s work either whole or in parts without proper acknowledgement or use of quotation marks

4.      Self or Auto Plagiarism: Self plagiarism occurs when an author lifts a portion or significant part of the work that has been previously published by him/her into a new article. It  also applies to submitting the same piece of work to different  publishers or changing the title of a previously published work in other to publish the same in another journal.

5.      Mosaic Plagiarism: This type of  Plagiarism occurs when an author finds synonyms for the author’s language while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original write up  or   borrows phrases from a source without using quotation marks. This can sometimes be called “patch writing,”

6.      Word switch plagiarism: In this type of plagiarism the author copies another person’s work  word-for-word and then  switch certain key words to disguise the plagiarism.

7.      Sentence rearrangement plagiarism:  This involves switching the order of clauses in a sentence or paragraph in an attempt to hide the plagiarism.

8.      Accidental Plagiarism: This occurs when an author forgets to acknowledge the source of the material he/she has incorporated into his/her work. It also involves situations when an author cites wrongly or misquotes their sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without properly citing the source.

9.      Metaphor plagiarism: This type of plagiarism involves using another person’s original idea in your own text without using their exact words. The author takes a unique, creative metaphor by the original author without  proper citation or giving credit to the original author. The original words may not have been copied, but the comparison (metaphor) is reused without proper acknowledgement.

10. Organizational plagiarism: In this  type of plagiarism the author copies another person’s outline for a whole article.

11. Style plagiarism:  This is similar to organizational plagiarism, but in this case the author copies another author’s path of reasoning or explanation. The words may be different, but the way the topic is explained and the order in which ideas are listed are the same.

12. Idea plagiarism:  in scientific writing, we always talk about show casing  original ideas or discoveries. If an author  repeats another person’s  original ideas without properly giving credit to the original author then you have committed Idea plagiarism. Example, If you conducted a research on the use of plants as therapeutic agents in animals and you used the LD₅₀ determined by another researcher without giving credit to the original researcher then you are guilty of Idea plagiarism.